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A Basic History of Pottery
Posted 2009-10-29 00:00:00
History of Pottery
Most of the earliest evidence of pottery that has been found was made in the Middle East during the Neolithic Revolution, about 10,000 years ago, when humans started learning to domesticate plants and animals. However, our knowledge of the past is not complete. For example, scientists discovered a 25,000 year-old fired figurine of a woman made of clay and bone ash, called “Venus,†at Dolni Vestonice in the Czech Republic.
The next major innovation, the pottery wheel, emerged around 3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia. While no one knows who invented the pottery wheel or if it was developed over time, it allowed potters to make perfectly round pottery for the first time.
The ancient Greeks made incredible pottery during the 6th and 5th centuries B.C. We can enjoy examples of the early black and the later, more realistic red vases decorated with mythological themes in museums today. By the 6th century B.C., the potters, and sometimes the painters, signed their pieces.
Greek pottery had a disadvantage that could not be overcome at that time. Unless it has been glazed, clay is porous, meaning that liquids will leak. Although glazing had been developed in Mesopotamia during the 9th century B.C.E, it would not be applied to pottery for 800 years. Glaze and pottery finally met each other in the Middle East in the 1st century BC. Within a century, both Rome and China were making glazed pots and pottery.
In the 7th to 9th century A.D., China developed the first of its recognizable styles of pottery during the T’ang Dynasty. The pottery that has survived was used in tombs to represent people and animals that would assist the deceased in the afterlife. China also developed porcelain during this period, a secret that they would keep from the rest of the world for centuries.
It wasn’t until the 1700s that Europeans were able to make porcelain. The development of European porcelain was the direct result of a ruler’s quest for gold through alchemistry. In 1700, Johann Friedrich Bottger, a young alchemist, came to the attention of Augustus the Strong of Saxony. Augustus had Bottger arrested and held prisoner to create gold. While Bottger was, not surprisingly, unable to produce gold, he was able to perfect a porcelain formula.
The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on pottery making. Eventually, inexpensive, mass produced pottery took the place of handmade crafts. While some artists still produce handcrafted pottery, the majority of pottery produced today is made at least partially by machine.
Source life123.com
